The decision to gaol the Catalan leaders has caused widespread outrage.
Is the outrage justified? When regional nationalist leaders openly defy the law, what is the proper response of central Government?
These are questions with which the Spanish Supreme Court has had to grapple. They may yet come to be asked in the United Kingdom.
In this thought-provoking guest post, Jaime Campaner, practising lawyer and Associate Professor in procedural and criminal law at the University of the Balearic Islands, does not provide all the answers, but he vigorously defends the Spanish Supreme Court from what he believes to be misplaced criticism.
Last Monday, after months of open-court trial which everyone could follow on internet and TV, the Spanish Supreme Court delivered their judgment on the so-called “Catalonia case”, convicting the main defendants of sedition, misuse of public funds and/or contempt of court.
The first issue to highlight is that the ruling has been written to make it understandable for every citizen who might be interested in it, bringing the judiciary closer to the people.
The second point which should be explained, mostly in the light of the massive protests against the ruling, is that the defendants were not convicted for their ideas nor for exercising the alleged right to secede from Spain. They were convicted for avoiding compliance with legality in Catalonia and impeding the enforcement of court orders. To cite just one case (the ruling runs to almost 500 pages), there were mobilizations that exceeded the constitutional limits of the exercise of the rights of assembly and demonstration and which created a coercive and intimidating environment which prevented the judicial police from transferring the detainees, in accordance with their rights, to the building where the search and seizure was to be carried out as per a court ruling. Moreover, this search and seizure was hindered for over twelve hours.
Thirdly, it is important to point out the independence of the judiciary in Spain. The Public Prosecutor sought a conviction for rebellion, which would involve considering that the violence was directly aimed at reaching the separatist goal and, therefore carried a higher sentence. Notwithstanding the above, the Court considered the facts merely as sedition, which carries a lower sentence. Why? Because the violence was not planned as a structural part of the process and was, actually, a chimera (regardless of how much they would like secession, it was not legally possible through a referendum, as the Constitutional Court had previously ruled). The Supreme Court decided, in line with some witnesses and defendants, that, in fact, what the defendants wanted was to corner the Spanish Government so as to have an advantage in the negotiations, which is, in the end, not the goal of the offence of rebellion.
So, the defendants, as representatives of the citizens in Catalonia, mobilized a mass of citizens to avoid compliance with legality and impede the enforcement of court orders, leading them (wrongly) to believe that independence was a real possibility when it actually was not at all. They were fooled and acted as puppets.
This is precisely why the defendants were convicted of misuse of public funds; any investment in the illegal referendum was a waste of money and they, as managers of the public funds, had a duty to use the funds wisely and they could not ignore the Constitutional Court ban.
Finally, more evidence of the independence of the judiciary was their rejection of the Public Prosecutor’s motion for a sentence without parole until half of the sentence had been served.
The Court considered that the aim of punishment is to rehabilitate prisoners, and they cannot predict when this will happen. In Spain, the assessment of inmates is strictly on an individual basis (so it is not valid for groups) and any decision on parole is a competence of the penitentiary authorities. Then, if the Prosecutor disagrees they may request a judicial review.
In conclusion, it was not an easy judgment because of many reasons: the length of the trial, the media campaign launched by the defendants and their sympathizers and the false picture of a political trial rather a trial of politicians, but in the end the law prevailed and the farce was unmasked.
I assume this is some devil’s advocate stuff from Matthew. (In this case literally.) Because otherwise it’d be a bit embarrassing.
“the violence was directly aimed at reaching the separatist goal”
What violence? The only violence in the Catalan independence movement has come from the Spanish police. The people of Catalonia have behaved with impeccable dignity and restraint under a brutal assault of clubs and riot shields and teargas deployed against people merely exercising a peaceful democratic right protected by the UN Charter. Social media groans under the weight of videos of police thugs wading into people doing absolutely nothing, and gangs of undercover cops dragging screaming teenage girls off by the hair to God knows what fate.
The trial was a joke that would have shamed Roland Freisler or Laventy Beria, the charges trumped-up, the sentences draconian, the imprisonment savage. A clearer depiction of 21st century fascism – literal actual fascism, not the left’s kneejerk response to anything a bit right-wing but the real 1930s-style deal – you could not hope to find. Genuinely horrified to find this pathetic snivelling apologism given space on a site I have a huge amount of time for.
I wonder how an EU style Supreme Court would deliver their judgment on a so-called “Remainia case”?
Would they convict the main defendants of sedition, misuse of public funds and/or contempt of court for repeatedly, continuously, year after year, preventing implementation of Brexit, or even allowing the government to negotiate a good deal, by forcing it to start negotiations with a declaration we would accept any deal, however bad, from the other side!
Very accurate view of what happened, I live is in first person as I live in Barcelona and all this farse has being pushed in the collective mind of the people that do not think further and just believed what politicians said. When everything that is wrong in Catalonia is because of a external factor, aka Government of Spain, the people of Catalonia should start thinking that it might be they have been living a lie, and maybe doing a bit of self critic. Specially is a region with the level of autonomous government as Catalonia enjoys.
I follow events in Cataluña with interest. Having been recently to Sitges and seen the reaction there, I was interested to read the perspective in this article. Thanks.
“They may yet come to be asked in the United Kingdom'”
Judging by recent precedent we can be confident that the UK Supreme Court would rule on whim.
Can the answer not be both ? Should the Catalans right to self-determination not trump Spanish law?